整理/秦珍子 制圖/董怡璇

懷遠(yuǎn)以德

　　指用恩惠、仁德去安撫、懷柔邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的部族、民眾等。是歷代華夏族政權(quán)用以處理與其他民族、未納入直接統(tǒng)治范圍的邊遠(yuǎn)部族以及外國(guó)關(guān)系的一種政治理念，也是“以德服人”思想的重要方面。中國(guó)是一個(gè)多民族國(guó)家，以華夏族為主體的政權(quán)，認(rèn)為自己是大國(guó)并且文化發(fā)達(dá)，對(duì)于那些遠(yuǎn)離中華文化的邊遠(yuǎn)部族、民眾等，一般不采取武力征服，而是用比較溫和、合于儒家“仁德”的手段，達(dá)到安撫并使之歸順的目的。

Embrace Distant Peoples by Means of Virtue

　　This expression refers to pursuing conciliatory and benevolent policies and offering benefits to tribes and groups in remote areas. It was a political concept adopted by successive governments led mostly by the Han people in their relations with other ethnic groups, tribes in remote areas not yet directly under their rule, and foreign states. It also represented an important component of the theory of winning over others by virtue. China was, as it is today, a multi-ethnic country. The Han-led government ruled over a large territory and believed that they had an advanced culture. They usually took a conciliatory approach based on the Confucian concept of benevolence in dealing with the tribes and populations in remote regions, rather than conquering them by force, with the goal of placating them and winning their allegiance.

引例

　　管仲言于齊侯曰：臣聞之，招攜以禮，懷遠(yuǎn)以德，德禮不易，無(wú)人不懷。（《左傳·僖公七年》）（管仲對(duì)齊侯道：臣聽說(shuō)，招撫尚未歸順的諸侯，用禮；安撫邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的部族、民眾，用德。不違背德和禮，沒有人會(huì)不歸附。）

　　Guan Zhong said to the Marquis of Qi, "I have heard it said: Win over the disaffected with respect and embrace distant peoples with virtue. With virtue and respect unchanging, there is no one that will not be embraced." (Zuo's Commentary on The Spring and Autumn Annals)